Research | Dr. Hui Lin

Yukon River 2002 Data Analysis

Sun, 28 May 2017 10:02:30 +0000

Map of Yukon River drainage

Sampling site: between the Dalton Highway Bridge and the USGS Stevens Village hydrological station

![map](image/Yukon/map of Yukon River.jpg)

Daily Discharge and Sampling Date

![daily discharge](image/Yukon/Daily discharge.jpg)

Monthly integrated discharge

![monthly discharge](image/Yukon/Monthly integrated.jpg)

Precipitation

Three fluorescence components by PARAFAC Analysis-revised

Excitation and emission maximum

Components	Ex max (nm)	Em max (nm)	Property
C1	240/315	432	Humic-like
C2	260/365	494	Humic-like
C3	<240/295	374	Humic-like

LMW-DOM-COM

Fluorescence components ratios

![](image/Yukon/components ratio.jpg)

Normalized PARAFAC components-DOM

Normalized PARAFAC components-COM

Normalized PARAFAC components-LMW

Figure 6 from Guo et al.

![fig6guo](image/Yukon/Fig6 from Guo.jpg)

S275-295 vs %C1, C2, C3

![](image/Yukon/Correlation between S275-295vsC1-C3-2.jpg)

Hydrodynamic diameters distribution of colloids in the Yukon River upper stream in 2002.

UV1

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Hydrodynamic diameter (nm) UV1 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

UV2

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Hydrodynamic diameter (nm) UV2 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

Fluorescence 1 -

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Hydrodynamic diameter (nm) FLD1 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

Fluorescence 2 -

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Hydrodynamic diameter (nm) FLD2 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

size distribution (molecular weights)

UV1

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Molecular weights(kDa) UV1 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

UV2

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Molecular weights(kDa) UV2 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

Fluorescence 1 (Ex/Em = 350 nm /450 nm)

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Molecular weights(kDa) FLD1 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

Fluorescence 2 (Ex/Em = 275 nm/ 340 nm)

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Molecular weights(kDa) FLD2 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

Integrations of each size intervals - Size distribution of colloidal organic matter

UV1

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Integrations of each size intervals nm UV1 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

UV2

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Integrations of each size intervals nm UV2 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

Fluorescence 1 (Ex/Em = 350 nm /450 nm)

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Integrations of each size intervals nm FLD1 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

Fluorescence 2 (Ex/Em = 275 nm/ 340 nm)

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Integrations of each size intervals nm FLD2 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

Integrations of size intervals - size distribution of colloids in molecular weights

UV1

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Integrations of each size intervals Da UV1 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

UV2

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Integrations of each size intervals Da UV2 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

Fluorescence 1 (Ex/Em = 350 nm /450 nm)

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Integrations of each size intervals Da FLD1 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

Fluorescence 2 (Ex/Em = 275 nm/ 340 nm)

![](image/Yukon/Multiple samples - Integrations of each size intervals Da FLD2 Yukon 01 COM.jpg)

Total data

Sample_Name	a254	SUVA	S275-295	TOC	TN	DOC/TN	Weight	Carbon percentage	Nitrogen percentage	MCHO	%MCHO
	m-1	m-1/uM	nm-1	(uM)	(uM)		mg	%	%	(uM-C)	%
YR_<1kDa1	6.35	0.06	0.021	114.68	3.8	30.2	3.01	4.57	0.18	14.85	12.95
YR_<1kDa2	4.19	0.05	0.032	76.36	3.77	20.25	3.62	2.53	0.15	13.64	17.86
YR_<1kDa3	2.04	0.05	0.05	38.03	3.29	11.55	3.36	1.36	0.14	13.18	34.65
YR_<1kDa4	2.3	0.05	0.053	48.39	1.62	29.94	3.08	1.89	0.07	15.66	32.36
YR_<1kDa5	2.86	0.05	0.046	57.51	2.85	20.19	3.11	2.22	0.13	16.89	29.37
YR_<1kDa6	2.75	0.06	0.045	50.03	1.97	25.45	3.71	1.62	0.07	6.29	12.57
YR_DOM1	7.61	0.07	0.014	101.64	3.03	33.53	2.95	4.13	0.14	21.43	21.08
YR_DOM2	4.77	0.07	0.014	65.01	3.28	19.79	3.24	2.41	0.14	16.03	24.65
YR_DOM3	4.61	0.11	0.017	41.94	2.53	16.55	3.96	1.27	0.09	12.53	29.87
YR_DOM4	5.91	0.15	0.016	38.22	2.08	18.42	3.16	1.45	0.09	5.8	15.18
YR_DOM5	5.27	0.11	0.017	47.44	2.56	18.51	3.62	1.57	0.1	16.39	34.55
YR_DOM6	3.36	0.09	0.015	37.38	1.92	19.47	2.98	1.51	0.09	8.98	24.01
YR_COM1	39.53	0.13	0.024	311.89	7.01	44.5	1.91	19.6	0.51	105.83	33.93
YR_COM2	58.46	0.12	0.028	490.13	11.44	42.83	3.32	17.72	0.48	141.08	28.78
YR_COM3	21.76	0.11	0.025	200.24	5.63	35.57	1.67	14.39	0.47	55.48	27.71
YR_COM4	24.83	0.11	0.019	220.32	5.31	41.46	1.79	14.77	0.42	73.61	33.41
YR_COM5	16.23	0.12	0.026	138.85	4.33	32.03	1.65	10.1	0.37	55.44	39.92
YR_COM6	35.58	0.11	0.033	320.39	6.5	49.29	2.95	13.03	0.31	81.23	25.35

Sample_Name	FIX	BIX	HIX	%FIX	%BIX	%HIX	C1	C2	C3	%C1	%C2	%C3

YR_<1kDa1	1.34	0.59	7.51	0.01	0.01	0.07	5.421	15.402	11.369	0.047	0.134	0.099
YR_<1kDa2	1.3	0.49	6.75	0.02	0.01	0.09	3.912	12.088	8.324	0.034	0.105	0.073
YR_<1kDa3	1.28	0.59	5.33	0.03	0.02	0.14	1.818	5.289	3.717	0.016	0.046	0.032
YR_<1kDa4	1.31	0.59	5.58	0.03	0.01	0.12	1.734	4.999	3.566	0.015	0.044	0.031
YR_<1kDa5	1.25	0.52	7.22	0.02	0.01	0.13	2.06	5.472	4.263	0.018	0.048	0.037
YR_<1kDa6	1.34	0.58	5.58	0.03	0.01	0.11	2.135	5.725	4.414	0.019	0.05	0.038
YR_DOM1	1.37	0.61	7.58	0.01	0.01	0.07	5.353	15.205	10.979	0.047	0.133	0.096
YR_DOM2	1.32	0.56	3.69	0.02	0.01	0.06	3.997	12.736	8.304	0.035	0.111	0.072
YR_DOM3	1.31	0.63	6.48	0.03	0.02	0.15	2.586	7.11	5.365	0.023	0.062	0.047
YR_DOM4	1.3	0.56	5.04	0.03	0.01	0.13	1.979	5.927	4.173	0.017	0.052	0.036
YR_DOM5	1.26	0.58	4.81	0.03	0.01	0.1	2.683	7.211	5.505	0.023	0.063	0.048
YR_DOM6	1.34	0.59	5.82	0.04	0.02	0.16	1.993	5.181	4.126	0.017	0.045	0.036
YR_COM1	1.03	0.39	13.66	0	0	0.04	23.412	24.319	34.765	0.204	0.212	0.303
YR_COM2	1.06	0.42	15.09	0	0	0.03	35.498	35.186	49.029	0.31	0.307	0.428
YR_COM3	1.04	0.44	13.72	0.01	0	0.07	14.185	17.107	22.409	0.124	0.149	0.195
YR_COM4	1.09	0.48	14.91	0	0	0.07	16.139	17.396	25.885	0.141	0.152	0.226
YR_COM5	1.09	0.47	12.62	0.01	0	0.09	10.179	11.375	16.713	0.089	0.099	0.146
YR_COM6	1.09	0.49	16.2	0	0	0.05	24.492	24.344	36.793	0.214	0.212	0.321

Figures from literatures

![data](image/Yukon/Basic data.jpg) ![data2](image/Yukon/Basic data2.jpg) ![data3](image/Yukon/Basic data3.jpg)

DOC&CHO Concentration

![doc](image/Yukon/DOC table.jpg) ![doc2](image/Yukon/DOC table2.jpg)

DOC HMW & LMW

![DOC1](image/Yukon/DOC figure.jpg)

Variations of dissolved organic carbon in the HMW (1kDa–0.45 um) and the LMW (<1kDa) fractions

CHO MCHO&TCHO

![CHO](image/Yukon/CHO figure.jpg)

Concentrations of carbohydrate species, including monosaccharides (MCHO) and polysaccharides (PCHO), in the <0.45 um DOM fraction.

Comparison of HMW and LMW

Comparison btw/ Fig 2 from Zou et al. and Fig 4 from Guo et al.

Fig 4 from Zou et al.

Fig 5 from Zou et al.

DOC POC DIC

Isotope Information

Isotope source difference

My Wedding Plan

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

更新日期：2018-4-24

提亲阶段

小娇暑假放假时间

8月18日-8月31日

提亲准备物品（8项）

酒（习酒两瓶）
烟（中华烟两条）
茶叶（红茶两斤）
金首饰（包括金戒指，金耳环，金项链，金手链）
桂圆（6斤）
聘金（99，999元）
冬梅膏
白水贡糖

准备阶段

婚纱照拍摄

待定

婚房布置

床铺左侧添加长条形支架桌（梳妆台），右侧放置小床头柜，无需添加灯具(如下方链接，点击下方链接可以看到我做的渲染图)

我自己设计的房间

参考图片

墙饰

墙体颜色：白色

一面采用无框大幅照片，一面采用多幅小张有框

可选图片

精修之后的图

参考框架图片

喜糖

方案1：M&M巧克力豆定制字母

此糖可定制颜色（可选择三种以上颜色混搭）；可定制字母/可定制图片

配色配图方案如下：

糖果包装又如下两张方案：1.土豪型：M&M自家的婚礼糖小包装（如下图a)，一小包2.19美元，20包起售。2.经济型：购买一大包（10 lbs，约为9斤多，下图b）M&M巧克力豆，小分装袋（￥16/100个，下图c），小型家用分装机（￥20，下图d），在家进行分装。

请帖

待续

婚礼相关

娶亲日期

2018-10-03

婚礼晚宴时间

2018-10-04

婚宴协议摘要

2018年10月4日；30桌；水仙厅；定金预付30%；每桌1680元，每桌10人；最低消费：一次性菜金60000元；取消预定：提前6个月退还全部，提前3月退50%；3月内取消不退定金。请柬：桌数*10；酒水：可自备，自运，7.5折代理大西洋糖果礼券；餐厅平面和时段约定：根据桌数布置餐厅平面；迎宾位置：根据提供相片制作免费指示牌一张；司仪：加盟商；提供主桌特殊台面和桌面装饰；提供全程音响服务；高清LED（16.19m²):1500元。补充协议：签约交付定金后的优惠：漳州宾馆水仙包厢；威尼斯餐厅自助；LED屏幕5折；舅仔桌一桌（10人）

加盟的18家单位：

漳州宾馆
康之味
三也？
婚礼主义
西恩摄影
正在映画
吉合
FISH WONG 婚纱定制
林夕彩妆
妮可甜品
东南花都
语业主持
浪漫花都
东美？？
花漾？？
？？演艺

Ocean Data View 快速上手指南

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

1. Ocean Data View (ODV)概况

1.1 安装

在使用ODV软件之前，请现行安装ODV软件。ODV已开发出适用于Windows,Mac OS X, Linux, UNIX等操作系统的安装程序。

安装程序可以通过淘宝购买。

同时也可以从ODV官方网站下载，下载前需要注册成为该网站的会员。

ODV软件支持的操作平台包括：Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8和10; 高于Mac OS 10.5的Mac OS版本; 自2006年6月以来Linux发布的任何系统运行的kernel版本不低于2.6.15；Debian 7.7, Ubuntu 12.0.4，14.0.4和CentOS 7.

Windows操作系统中，程序的安装过程中会自动关联后缀名为.odv和.var的文件。双击这些文件将会打开ODV程序，并打开该文件。您也可以将这些文件拖动到ODV 的程序图标，或者ODV的界面中，打开这些文件。当然您也可以通过菜单栏上的 File –>Open…来打开这些文件。

1.2 个性化

安装完ODV软件之后，我们可以通过View--->Settings进入设置选项卡进行用户的个性化设置。例如，我们可以通过左侧的View--->Fonts来设置窗口中的字体，粗体，斜体和字体大小等；在Gridded Bathymetry--->Resources中设置和下载和海底地形图；在Map--->Resources中设置和下载高分辨率的地图;在System--->Program Location中设置打开帮助文档的默认浏览器。该部分在"User’s Guide"的2.12部分中有详细介绍。

1.3 ODV用户文件夹

在ODV软件的安装过程中，ODV自动创建用户文件夹。该用户文件夹包含了用户下载的地图资源和用户自行导入或设计的色彩文件，宏文件，命令行和图片文件。默认的用户文件夹中的data文件夹中有两个子文件夹MapView和SAVE，其中存有一些示例。我们可以将我们的数据和文件保存在data文件夹中的其他子文件夹中。

用户可以自行创建色彩文件，宏文件，命令行和图片文件并保存在不同的子文件夹中。值得注意的是，保存这些文件的时候，我们首先需要建立一个新的文件夹，然后再分别保存。否则，我们会将旧文件覆盖，从而造成不必要的损失。

1.4 数据模型

ODV ODV使用的是一套新的数据模型，这套数据模型使用于海洋学研究中的站位剖面，断面和时间序列。一个站位需要有多个基础数据(meta data)。一些基础数据(meta data)是必须的（比如站位名称，站位地点，采样时间等等），而其他的数据不是必须的。需要时可以自行添加基础数据。 ODV不限制数据变量的个数。基础数据和数据变量的数据类型可以是1-8位的整数，也可以是实数。

ODV可以对站位(Stattion)和样品(Sample)进行筛选。通过右击Map--->Station Selection Criteria ...进入站位筛选器。 ![](image/Station Selection.jpg) 通过右击任意一个数据窗口--->Sample Selection Criteria进入样品筛选器。 ![](image/Sample Selection.jpg) 每一个窗口都有自己的样品筛选器。样品的筛选可以根据数据质量(quality flags)，也可以根据数据值的区间范围来选定。数据质量和数据区间的筛选是分布独立进行的。

1.5 数据导入

我们可以通过菜单栏上的"Import"导入菜单添加新数据到当前数据集中。
ODV支持多种多样的数据格式和数据类型。
首先我们需要从菜单栏中选择一种符合我们的需要导入的数据的数据格式和数据类型。
或者，可以建立一个列表文件(.lst)。在这个列表文件中的文件均将被导入进入数据集中。

1.6 向下兼容性

ODV具有很好的向下兼容性。对于使用之前版本建立的ODV文件，包括数据，视图等，新版的ODV均可兼容。

1.7 详细帮助文件

当您需要更多帮助时，请点击菜单栏上的Help—>User’s Guide。

同时，在ODV的诸多对话框中也很容易找到Help按键。点击该按键即可获得相关的帮助信息。

如需要PDF版本的帮助文档，请点击以下链接。

PDF版本的帮助文档

2 窗口界面说明

菜单栏：最上面的那一栏，提供绝大多数功能入口。

画布: 中间这块最大面积的区域，包含一张地图（这张地图不能被删掉，但是我们可以通过调整地图的大小达到让它消失的效果）和数量不定的一到多张数据窗口。画布，地图和数据窗口可包含数量不等的图形组件，包括：文字注释，符号和用户自定义图形。

状态栏：状态栏上呈现几点信息：1.状态信息：待机中，计算中，画图中等等。2.鼠标现在所在的位置坐标。3.被选中的站位的个数，总站位个数，当前视图名称。星号表示当前视图尚未保存。

当前站位窗口：该窗口呈现当前站位的基本信息。(当前站位再地图和数据窗口中均由红色的十字符标出。)

当前样品窗口：该窗口中呈现当前站位的数据测值和数据质量。(当前站位再地图和数据窗口中均由红色的十字符标出。)只有符合选择标准的样品才会被呈现出来。

单层信息窗口：该窗口中呈现的是单层(isosurface)信息的值。

鼠标左击地图上的站位或者数据窗口中的数据点，就可以选择相应的站位或数据点了。

鼠标右击窗口的任意位置则会弹出各种类型的菜单选项。

鼠标悬停在某个菜单的某处则会出现关于该选项的更多信息。

地图窗口 ：地图窗口是不能被移除出画布的，但我们可以通过调节地图窗口的大小，变相将地图窗口移除。地图窗口中展示的是一些符合选择条件的站位点。在地图窗口中，我们还可以选取站位点，定义断面。

数据窗口 有以下几种类型：

站位图：该图展示的是挑选出来的单站位数据图。被挑选出来的站位在站位图中的图例和在地图上的图例呈现一样的颜色和形状。
散点图：该图展示的是符合选取条件的全部站位的散点数据图。
断面图：该图展示一个断面的数据分布。
平面分布图：该图将展示单层平面分布的数据。

视图是指当前窗口的布局和一些参数的设置。我们可以将一个视图保存成一个文件以备后用。

一个画布中存在一张地图和若干数据窗口。地图和数据窗口的大小和位置均可在布局模式下改变。任何数据窗口均可被删除，但是地图不能被删除。

在地图和数据窗口中单击鼠标右键，在弹出的菜单中选择"Properties"属性，则弹出"Properties"属性对话框。按下Alt-P也可以起到同样的效果。

3. 键盘和鼠标操作

3.1 常规鼠标操作

动作	对象	响应
左击	地图	选择最近的一个站位
	数据窗口	选择最近的一个数据点和站位
左键双击	地图	将最近的站位添加到选择列表中
左键拖拽	图形对象	拖动图形对象
	画布，地图，数据窗口	拖动画布
Ctrl+左键拖拽	地图	快速放大地图
	数据窗口	快速放大数据窗口
右键	画布，地图，数据窗口，图形对象，数据列表	调出响应的菜单
Shift+右键	地图，数据窗口	调查Extras菜单

3.2 常规键盘快捷键

键盘操作	响应
Enter or Return	将当前站位加入选取站位中，在布局模式下，接受当前的布局，回到正常模式
Del or Backspace	删除图形，从选取站位中移除当前站位，在布局模式下，删除鼠标所指的窗口
→	选择下一个站位
←	选择上一个站位
HOME	选择第一个样品
↓	选择下一个样品（同一个站位）
↑	选择上一个样品（同一个站位）
END	选择最后一个样品
Ctrl-?(Mac), F1(others)	显示ODV帮助文档
F4	显示当前窗口的统计数据
F5	刷新
F8	转到地图布局
F9	转到站位布局
F10	转到散点图布局
F11	转到断面布局
F12	转到平面分布布局
Ctrl-Plus	于鼠标的位置处放大
Ctrl-Minus	于鼠标的位置处缩小
Ctrl-A	添加文字注释
Ctrl-C	复制当下窗口中的数据到剪贴板。如果鼠标选取的是图形对象，则创建一个图形对象副本
Ctrl-N	新建文件
Ctrl-O	打开文件
Ctrl-R	在布局模式下，移动和调整窗口大小
Ctrl-S	将当前窗口或者画布保存成图片文件
Ctrl-W or Ctrl+F4	关闭当前netCDF文件
Ctrl-Z	撤销上次操作
Alt-D	弹出派生变量对话框
Alt-P	调出当前窗口属性对话框
Alt-S	调出站位选择器
Alt-W	调出窗口布局模式
Alt-Z	撤销所有操作
Shft-E	编辑基础数据和样品数据
Shft-L	载入
Shft-S	调出样品选择器（样品范围和数据质量过滤器）
Ctrl-, (Mac only)	打开设置对话框
ESC	推出当前操作。在布局模式下，取消所有的布局调整，返回正常模式。
Ctrl-Q (Mac) Alt-F4(others)	退出ODV

3.3 放大和缩小

右击地图或数据窗口，选择Zoom，ODV将进入到缩放模式。根据以下表格进行缩放操作。

操作	对象	响应
鼠标左键拖拽	缩放区域的边界或角	调整缩放区域的大小
鼠标左键双击或 Enter	任意位置	接受当前设定并完成缩放操作
鼠标右键或 Esc	任意位置	放弃缩放操作

3.4 寻点模式(GetPoint Mode)

当需要定义一条断面，或者进行画线(lines, polylines)，画多边形(polygons)操作时，ODV进入到寻点模式。该模式下，移动鼠标即可从状态栏得知当前鼠标的位置，点击鼠标左键确定点。

操作	对象	响应
鼠标左键点击	画布，地图或数据窗口	添加当前位置
鼠标右键点击	画布，地图或数据窗口	移除最近的标记点位置
Enter	任意位置	接受已定位目标，完成寻点模式
Esc	任意位置	放弃操作

PARAFAC Abnormality solution

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

PARAFAC Analysis results from Stephen et al., 2016 (STE) ![](image/PARAFAC_EEM_Correction/Stephen 2016 STE.jpg) PARAFAC Analysis results from Zhou et al., 2016 (JGLR) ![](image/PARAFAC_EEM_Correction/Xu 2016 WR.jpg) PARAFAC Analysis results from Xu and Guo., 2016 (WR) ![](image/PARAFAC_EEM_Correction/Zhou 2016 JGLR.jpg)

Abnormality: abrupt decline of some peaks

Compared with literatures

Walker et al. 2013

![](image/PARAFAC_EEM_Correction/Walker et al. 2013.jpg)

Stedmon & Markager 2005

![](image/PARAFAC_EEM_Correction/Stedmon&Markager 2005.jpg)

Stedmon et al 2003

![](image/PARAFAC_EEM_Correction/Stedmon et al 2003.jpg)

Hypothesis: Cut EEMs improperly

FirstOrderCut = [-40 15];
SecondOrderCut = [-40 15];
InsertedData = [NaN 0];
for i = 1:2
 if FirstOrderCut(i) ~= NaN
 for j = 1: length(Ex)
 k = find (Em<Ex(j)-FirstOrderCut(i));
 X(:,k,j) = InsertedData(i);
 end
 end
 if SecondOrderCut (i) ~= NaN
 for j = 1:length(Ex)
 k = find (Em>Ex(j)*2.05+SecondOrderCut(i));
 X(:,k,j) = InsertedData(i);
 end
 end
end

Demostration:

Solution:

InsertedData = [NaN NaN]

Results:

Introduction of samples

Samples:

Yukon River downstream

Sampling time:

2004-2005

Sample categories:

colloidal organic matter (>1kDa), low molecular weight organic matter (<1kDa), dissolved organic matter (<0.45e-6 m)

Before program revised:

3 components decomposed by PARAFAC program:

4 components from PARAFAC:

After revised:

3 components decomposed by PARAFAC program:

4 components from PARAFAC:

Comparison

Component	before program revised		After revised
	Excitation (nm)	Emission (nm)	Excitation (nm)	Emission (nm)
3Components
C1	280	485	260	480
C2	250	480	250	420
C3	220	405	<250	330
4Components
C1	230	450	250	420
C2	310	410	270	500
C3	385	480	260/375	480
C4	<220	380	<250	330

Project Progress - Hui Lin

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

S_275-295 in the Great Lakes

Size distribution and elements in groundwater samples from Yuqin

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

AF4-ICP-MS

The amount of Arsenic elements in the collected colloidal fractionations.

Molecular weights

UV₂₅₄ absorbance, Fluo_275/340 (protein-like), and Fluo_250/435 (humic-like) signals characterizing the size chromatography of the colloids in groundwater (left three panels), Kinnickinnic river water, and re-dissolved standard humic substances from Mississipi River and Suwannee River. UV absorbance and Fluorescence intensity were calibrated using quinine sulfate. It is worth mentioned that the x-axis is log-axis, which extends the display of smaller-sized colloids.

UV₂₅₄

![](image/Groundwater/Multiple samples - Molecular weights(kDa) UV1 1130 MLW7 second collect.jpg)

Fluo_275/340 (Protein-like)

![](image/Groundwater/Multiple samples - Molecular weights(kDa) FLD1 1130 MLW7 second collect.jpg)

Fluo_350/450 (Humic-like)

![](image/Groundwater/Multiple samples - Molecular weights(kDa) FLD2 1130 MLW7 second collect.jpg)

Integration of UV₂₅₄ (black), Fluo_275/340 (red), and Fluo_250/435 (blue) signals. The size intervals are 0.3-52 kDa, 52-234 kDa, 234-4913 kDa, and >4913 kDa. Corresponding size fractionation were collected to measure concentration of several elements using ICP-MS.

UV₂₅₄

![](image/Groundwater/Multiple samples - Integrations of each size intervals Da UV1 1130 MLW7 second collect.jpg)

Fluo_275/340 (Protein-like)

![](image/Groundwater/Multiple samples - Integrations of each size intervals Da FLD1 1130 MLW7 second collect.jpg)

Fluo_350/450 (Humic-like)

![](image/Groundwater/Multiple samples - Integrations of each size intervals Da FLD2 1130 MLW7 second collect.jpg)

Hydrodynamic diameter

UV₂₅₄

![](image/Groundwater/Multiple samples - Hydrodynamic diameter (nm) UV1 1130 MLW7 second collect.jpg)

Fluo_275/340 (Protein-like)

![](image/Groundwater/Multiple samples - Hydrodynamic diameter (nm) FLD1 1130 MLW7 second collect.jpg)

Fluo_350/450 (Humic-like)

![](image/Groundwater/Multiple samples - Hydrodynamic diameter (nm) FLD2 1130 MLW7 second collect.jpg)

Yukon River in 2004

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

Arctic river basin has been suffering a great impact from climate change. However, dynamics and mechanism of biogeochemical processes in boreal rivers in cold season are still partly out of knowledge. Our study focused on seasonality of the Yukon River, one of the regularly ice-covered Arctic rivers in North America. Water samples were collected monthly from downstream Yukon River (known as Pilot Station) from July 2004 to September 2005. Absorption and fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in two phases: colloids and low molecular weight were measured to examine optical characteristics and size distribution of organic matter. Biological index (BIX) and humification index (HIX) are EEM-derived indicators for bio-activities and humification level in aquatic environments. The trend of BIX implied stronger biological activities in the stable fluvial ecosystem under ice. HIX followed the discharge; large river volume with predominant terrestrial input drained in summer, while low-DOC groundwater mainly contributed in winter. Three fluorescence components were decomposed from Excitation-Emission Matrix (EEMs), including two humic-like components and one protein-like component. The ratio between protein-like component and humic-like components indicates the water chemistry conditions in the Yukon River. Relatively high ratio value in the ice-covered season suggested thriving algae community activity under the ice.

Introduction

Arctic river basin has been suffering a great impact from the climate change. Our study focused on the Yukon River, one of the regularly ice-covered Arctic river basins. Tributaries of Yukon River are commonly categorized into three classes (Figure 1) according to their major contributors: ‘blackwater’, ‘whitewater’, and ‘meltwater’(Striegl et al., 2007). Blackwater tributaries, such as the Porcupine River, exhibit highly-colored river water with high DOC concentration and relatively lower DIC loading because they are draining through permafrost wetlands and peatland. River water in whitewater class are mainly derived from groundwater. High DOC but low DIC loadings are their characteristic features in river water. Finally, the tributaries in meltwater class, such as Tanana River, are dominated by meltwater from glaciers, perennial ice and snowfields. DOC concentration in these river water is relatively low, but the inorganic carbon loadings (including PIC and DIC) are high.

Figure 1. Watershed of Yukon River. The Yukon River basin covers a large exiguously-populated area of permafrost (generally underlain by continuous permafrost: 16%; generally underlain by discontinuous permafrost: 40%; generally underlain by moderately thick to thin permafrost (15-150 m): 24%; generally underlain by discontinuous permafrost: 6%; generally underlain by numerous isolated masses of permafrost: 5%; and sporadic masses of permafrost: 9%) (Brabets et al., 2000). The inserted figure shows where Yukon River basin locates in the northwest corner of North America. Sampling location, denoted by a blue dot, in the downstream is known as Pilot Station. Water samples collected in the site integrate all characteristics in the whole Yukon River watershed.

Water samples were monthly collected from upstream and downstream Yukon River between July 2004 and September 2005. Strong seasonality was observed during the one-year monitoring. First flood in 2005 occurred in the middle of April. DOC concentration was consistent with discharge rate. Water from glacier and snowfield composites lower δ¹⁸O and δ²H. When temperature raised, large meltwater input negatived δ¹⁸O in the river water from average -17.5 ‰ in the winter to average 20.1 ‰.

Figure 2. Daily discharge (upper left panel), DOC concentration (bottom left panel), δ¹⁸O (upper right panel), and δ²H (bottom right panel) of sampling seasons between 2004 and 2005.

Figure 3. SUVA₂₅₄ (left) and s_275-295 (right) in low-molecular weight phase (upper) and colloidal organic matter (bottom).

Figure 4. biological index (BIX) and humification index (HIX) in low-molecular weight phase (upper two plots) and colloidal organic matter (bottom two plots).

Three fluorescence components were decomposed from Excitation-Emission Matrix (EEMs), including two humic-like components and one protein-like component (Figure 5). The ratio between protein-like component and humic-like components indicates the water chemistry conditions in the Yukon River (Figure 6). Relatively high ratio value in the ice-covered season suggested thriving algae community activity under the ice.

Figure 5. Three components decomposed from EEMs-PARAFAC. Component 1 (left) and Component 2 (middle) are humic-like, and Component 3 (right) are protein-like fluorophore.

Almost previous studies about Yukon River concerned about flood season in summer (Guo & Macdonald, 2006; Spencer et al., 2008; Striegl et al., 2007). Few researchers focused on slowly-flowing Yukon river water under ice partly due to extreme sampling conditions in winter (Guo et al., 2012). However, it is still important to know the mechanisms of Yukon River in winter. With respect to the water source, major contributor in winter is ‘whitewater’, which derives from relatively-eutrophic groundwater containing exceeding DIC and DIN (Guo et al., 2012). Additionally, hydrological dynamic under ice is inactive. Here we hypothesis that the stable ice-covered river water ecosystem capacitates stronger bio-activities compared to the highly-disturbed spring and summer.

In both low molecular weight phase and high molecular weight phase, biological index (BIX) gradually escalated from warm to cold, while humification index (HIX) were lower in the winter (Figure 4). It implies more intense biological activities in the ice-covered aqua-environment. The concave HIX patterns showed that the dominant terrestrial input in spring and summer, and autochthonous DOM contributed more in the winter. Furthermore, PARAFAC-decomposed components ratio supports this hypothesis as well (Figure 6). The cliff declines of ratio between C3 and sum of C1 and C2 appeared in both colloids and molecules smaller than 1 kDa. The increasing ratio values are probably related to the boost of phytoplankton community.

Figure 6. Ratio of Component 3 to summary of Component 1 and Component 2 in low-molecular weight phase (left panel) and colloidal organic matter (right panel).

Supplementary:

Figure 7. Excitation-emission matrix (EEMs) of low molecular weight phase (left column) and colloids (right column) in the winter of 2014 (upper), first flood of 2015 (middle) and winter of 2015 (bottom).

Samples:

Yukon River downstream

Sampling time:

2004-2005

Sampling location: Pilot Station, Alaska

Basic knowledge of Yukon River 2004-2005

Sample categories:

colloidal organic matter (>1kDa), low molecular weight organic matter (<1kDa), dissolved organic matter (<0.45e-6 m)

UV-Visable spectrum results

SUVA

LMW

DOM

COM

S_275-295

LMW

DOM

COM

Results from EEMs

HIX

LMW

DOM

COM

BIX

LMW

DOM

COM

FIX

LMW

DOM

COM

BIX/HIX

LMW

DOM

COM

EEM parallel factor analysis results

3 components decomposed by PARAFAC program:

4 components from PARAFAC:

Comparison

If I combine samples from 2002 and 2004 together to do parallel factor analysis

I’ve got three Split-Half-Analysis-Validated components.

Components ratios

LMW

![](\image\Yukon_2004\Component ratio-LMW.jpg)

DOM

![](\image\Yukon_2004\Component ratio-DOM.jpg)

COM

![](\image\Yukon_2004\Component ratio-COM.jpg)

Normalized Components

LMW

DOM

COM

C3/(C2+C1)

LMW

DOM

COM